{"id":554,"date":"2018-08-29T21:36:40","date_gmt":"2018-08-30T00:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/?p=554"},"modified":"2019-09-02T16:31:38","modified_gmt":"2019-09-02T19:31:38","slug":"conceitos-de-direito-romano-instituicoes-de-direito-romano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/2018\/08\/29\/conceitos-de-direito-romano-instituicoes-de-direito-romano\/","title":{"rendered":"Conceitos de Direito Romano &#8211; Institui\u00e7\u00f5es de Direito Romano"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Iuri operam daturum prius nosse oportet, unde nomen iuris descendat. Est autem a iustitia appellatum: nam, ut eleganter celsus definit, ius est ars boni et aequi. <br><\/p><cite> Digesto 1.1.1 <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p> We must start from the roman idea of law, which was not positivistic. The romans inherited from their Indo-European past the idea of an order of the universe that permeated both nature and the relationship between gods and men. This order simultaneously had both religious and juridical meaning, so that the priests who studied it did not have the perception that they were creating something anew, but rather discovering its rules. The legal system of the city was a mere fragment of this order. The Romans had their own internal rules, but this did not mean that the reules of other peoples were not perceived as &#8220;law&#8221;. The main difference was, however, that foreign law had no effect within the system set for the <em>Quirites<\/em>, the <em>ius Quiritum<\/em>, and was not protected by the judicial organization of the city, based on the so called <em>legis actiones<\/em>. Alongside the <em> ius Quiritum<\/em> there were a number of legal institutions available to foreigners, called <em>ius gentium<\/em>, which were &#8220;law&#8221;, but were not protected by the city authorities.<\/p><cite>FIORI, Roberto. Contracts, commerce and Roman society. in PLEISS et al. <em>The Oxford Handbook of Roman Law and Society. <\/em>Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. p 582<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Leitura para a aula:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/RABINOVITCH-BERKMAN-derecho-romano-ius-y-derecho.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">RABINOVITCH-BERKMAN, Ricardo. Derecho Romano. Buenos Aires: Astrea, 2001. Cap\u00edtulo V. Jus y Derecho.<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Indo-European Connection\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SqK7XXvfiXs?start=90&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>The Indo-European connection &#8211; Lang Focus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CARTA: Ancient DNA and Human Evolution \u2013 Johannes Krause: Ancient European Population History\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JTY9K1Q_Sbg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption> CARTA: Ancient DNA and Human Evolution \u2013 Johannes Krause: Ancient European Population History <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"726\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/arvore_indo_europeu-726x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/arvore_indo_europeu-726x1024.jpg 726w, https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/arvore_indo_europeu-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/arvore_indo_europeu-768x1083.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/arvore_indo_europeu.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><figcaption>\u00c1rvore das l\u00ednguas indo-europeias.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"519\" src=\"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/distribuicao_geografica_indo_europeu-1024x519.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/distribuicao_geografica_indo_europeu-1024x519.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/distribuicao_geografica_indo_europeu-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/distribuicao_geografica_indo_europeu-768x390.png 768w, https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/distribuicao_geografica_indo_europeu.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Distriui\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica atual das l\u00ednguas indo-europeias.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"739\" src=\"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/indo_europeu_dois.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/indo_europeu_dois.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/indo_europeu_dois-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/indo_europeu_dois-768x591.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption>&#8220;Dois&#8221; nas diversas l\u00ednguas indo-europeias.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jus e Direito<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"425\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Carracci-Jupiter-et-Junon.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Carracci-Jupiter-et-Junon.jpeg 425w, https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Carracci-Jupiter-et-Junon-274x300.jpeg 274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><figcaption>J\u00fapiter e Juno, por Agostino Carracci, s\u00e9culo XVI<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J\u00fapiter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Latim: Iuppiter, Deus Pater, Dis Pater<\/li><li>Grego: Zeu Pater<\/li><li>S\u00e2nscrito: Dy\u00e0u\u1e63p\u00edta\u1e25<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"\"><tbody><tr><td>Digesto 1.1.1 &#8211; Ulpiano, Institutas, lv 1.<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iuri operam daturum prius nosse oportet, unde nomen <strong>iuris<\/strong> descendat. Est autem a <strong>iustitia<\/strong> appellatum: nam, ut eleganter Celsus definit, <strong>ius<\/strong> est ars boni et aequi.<\/td><td>O estudante de direito, desde o in\u00edcio de seus estudos deve saber de onde adv\u00e9m o nome <strong>direito<\/strong>: ele deriva de <strong>justi\u00e7a<\/strong>. Como define elegantemente Celsus: o <strong>direito<\/strong> \u00e9 a arte do bom e do justo.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1. Cuius merito quis nos sacerdotes appellet: iustitiam namque colimus et boni et aequi notitiam profitemur, aequum ab iniquo separantes, licitum ab illicito discernentes, bonos non solum metu poenarum, verum etiam praemiorum quoque exhortatione efficere cupientes, veram nisi fallor philosophiam, non simulatam affectantes.<\/td><td>Desta arte n\u00f3s juristas somos merecidamente chamados sacerdotes. N\u00f3s cultivamos a virtude da justi\u00e7a e temos o conhecimento do que \u00e9 bom e justo, discriminamos entre justo e injusto, discernimos o l\u00edcito do il\u00edcito, almejamos fazer os homens bons n\u00e3o apenas por medo das penalidades mas tamb\u00e9m pela sedu\u00e7\u00e3o dos pr\u00eamios, e aspiramos \u00e0 verdadeira filosofia, se n\u00e3o me engano, e n\u00e3o \u00e0 simulada.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. Huius studii duae sunt positiones, publicum et privatum. Publicum <strong>ius<\/strong> est quod ad statum rei Romanae spectat, privatum quod ad singulorum utilitatem: sunt enim quaedam publice utilia, quaedam privatim. Publicum <strong>ius<\/strong> in sacris, in sacerdotibus, in magistratibus constitit. Privatum <strong>ius<\/strong> tripertitum est: collectum etenim est ex naturalibus praeceptis aut gentium aut civilibus.<\/td><td>S\u00e3o duas as posi\u00e7\u00f5es deste estudo: o p\u00fablico e o privado. O direito p\u00fablico \u00e9 o voltado ao estado das coisas de Roma, privado aquele que concerne aos interesses individuais: alguns s\u00e3o \u00fateis publicamente, outros particularmente. O direito p\u00fablico cobre assuntos religiosos, sacerdotes e magistados [oficiais de Roma]. O privado \u00e9 tripartido, composto de princ\u00edpios naturais, das gentes e civis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. <strong>Ius<\/strong> naturale est, quod natura omnia animalia docuit: nam <strong>ius<\/strong> istud non humani generis proprium, sed omnium animalium, quae in terra, quae in mari nascuntur, avium quoque commune est. Hinc descendit maris atque feminae coniunctio, quam nos matrimonium appellamus, hinc liberorum procreatio, hinc educatio: videmus etenim cetera quoque animalia, feras etiam istius <strong>iuris<\/strong> peritia censeri.<\/td><td>O <strong>direito<\/strong> natural \u00e9 aquele com o qual natureza conduz todos os animais. N\u00e3o se trata de um <strong>lei<\/strong> espec\u00edfica do g\u00eanero humano, mas \u00e9 comum a todos os animais &#8211; animais terrestres, marinhos e \u00e0s aves. Disto deriva a uni\u00e3o entre homem e mulher a que chamamos casamento, a procria\u00e7\u00e3o, a educa\u00e7\u00e3o. Vemos ent\u00e3o que os animais e as feras possuem experi\u00eancia deste <strong>direito<\/strong>. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4. <strong>Ius<\/strong> gentium est, quo gentes humanae utuntur. Quod a naturali recedere facile intellegere licet, quia illud omnibus animalibus, hoc solis hominibus inter se commune sit.<\/td><td>O <strong>direito<\/strong> das gentes \u00e9 aquele que todos os humanos usam. Que ele n\u00e3o se confunde com o direito natural \u00e9 f\u00e1cil de se compreender, porque este \u00e9 comum a todos os animais, e aquele comum apenas aos homens.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Iuri operam daturum prius nosse oportet, unde nomen iuris descendat. Est autem a iustitia appellatum: nam, ut eleganter celsus definit, ius est ars boni et aequi. Digesto 1.1.1 We must start from the roman idea of law, which was not positivistic. The romans inherited from their Indo-European past the idea of an order of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[42,45],"class_list":["post-554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-direito-romano","tag-direito-romano","tag-mediacao"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=554"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1513,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/554\/revisions\/1513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertonovaes.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}